Systems Thinking Approach on Foetal Abnormalities Due to Alpha-Fetoprotein Level

Foetal complications due to abnormal Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels are becoming a serious matter. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) is substantially greater in the raised maternal serum-alpha fetoprotein (MS-AFP) group than normal MS-AFP groups. top three APOs terms occurrence rate increased were structural foetal abnormalities, spontaneous abortion, and premature delivery. Low AFP may indicate Down syndrome. This critical matter that needs be investigated dealt with seriously, based on systems thinking approach. research aims investigate screening methods system main purpose study provide an analytical integrated approach deal level. comprises various aspects, including conceptual framework, data analysis, evaluation methods. How can contribute improve all these aspects will investigated. methodology enable conduct detailed explanation major problems form causal loop diagram holistic view It expected application could effective method analysis for understanding managing abnormalities by considering manner clearer intervention reduce cases.